Automatic
The name Autostick has been used for a Volkswagensemi-automatic transmission, which was a vacuum-operated automatic clutch system, coupled with a conventional 3-speed manual transmission. The 'AutoStick' system designed by Chrysler allows for manual selection of gears with a standard hydraulic automatic transmission, also known as a manumatic.[1] Similar systems have been offered and are marketed by other automakers. The Autostick systems used by Volkswagen and Chrysler are largely unrelated, and are not mechanically similar in their operation, and do not share any similarities with their internal design and build.
The objective of these systems is to provide a sportier, more driver-focused feel.[2] Modern automatic transmissions becoming just as efficient and responsive, cars with fully manual transmissions are less in demand.[2]
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Another similar system designed by Porsche is called Tiptronic. These transmission systems are variously described or marketed under names that including 'e-stick', 'shift-command', 'steptronic', 'geartronic', or 'sportmatic'.[3] Manufacturers offer electronically-controlled automatic transmissions that provide drivers with an ability to shift gears on their own.
Volkswagen Autostick[edit]
Marketed as the Volkswagen Automatic Stickshift, the three-speed manual transmission was connected to a vacuum-operated automatic clutch. The top of the gear shift was designed to easily depress and activate an electric switch, i.e. when engaged by the driver's hand. When pressed, the switch operated a 12-volt solenoid, in turn, operating the vacuumclutchservo, thus disengaging the clutch and allowing shifting between gears. With the driver's hand removed from the gearshift, the clutch would re-engage automatically. The transmission was also equipped with a torque converter, allowing the car to idle in gear, like an automatic. The torque converter was operated by transmission fluid. This would allow the car to stop in any gear and start from a standing stop in any gear.[4][5][6]
The Autostick debuted on the 1968 VolkswagenBeetle and Karmann Ghia at mid-model year along with a fully-independent rear suspension that debuted in August 1968 for the 1969 model year. VW ended Autostick production with the 1976 model year.
Chrysler AutoStick[edit]
Chrysler developed an automatic transmission with electronic transaxle controls in that had an Autostick mode providing more aggressive shifting between gears when there was increased throttle.[7] 'Essentially a driver-interactive automatic transmission that offers gear-shifting capability' the Jazz show car featured the new system.[7]
Marketed as the Chrysler AutoStick, the Dodge Intrepid ES and Eagle Vision TSi were the first production automobile models in North America that came equipped with the system, the former as an option, the latter as standard. The system was standard equipment on the 1997 Plymouth Prowler and 1999 Chrysler 300M. It was added to the JA cars on the 1997 Stratus. This system was standard on 1999 to 2003 model year Dodge Grand Caravan ES, but only the front-wheel drive models since the AWD used a different TCM. Many Chrysler models were later fitted with this system, including the 300, 300C, Charger, Challenger, Sebring, PT Cruiser, Crossfire, Pacifica, Chrysler Town & Country, Dodge Avenger, Dodge Stratus R/T, Dodge Journey R/T and SXT and Dodge Grand Caravan.
System advantages[edit]
- Ability to manually select gears
- Ability to start from 2nd or 3rd in inclement weather to improve traction
- Allows downshifting while coming down steep inclines to maintain speed
- Improved performance with quicker, more firm shifts
- Removes clutching with a pedal, instead it is operated by hand
Components and operation[edit]
Components of the Autostick system in the first Chrysler vehicles to have the design included a different TCM (Transmission Control Module), shift assembly utilizing a unique PRNDL design invented by Peter Gruich in 1994, and gauge cluster. The gauge cluster includes a read-out to let the driver know which gear is selected.
The system works by dropping the shifter down into a gated area on the shift assembly which allows the shifter to be pushed to the right (up-shift) or to the left (down-shift).[8] When the driver pushes the shifter in either of these directions the assembly sends a signal to the TCM to shift up, or down depending on the driver's actions.[8] Dropping the shifter into the Autostick gate while the vehicle is moving will simply keep the vehicle in the current gear selected.
For the column-shift third- and fourth-generation Dodge Grand Caravan ES, Chrysler Town and Country 1999–2003, four-speed automatic transmission models with FWD (41TE) or AWD (41AE) transmission only. The Autostick feature is activated by moving the 'PRNDL' transmission selection on the steering column clockwise past D where L is usually found. When selected the current gear ratio is not changed, the 'Autostick' indicator illuminates in the instrument cluster, the numbers 3 2 1 illuminate to the right of D, and a square appears around the gear currently engaged, D 3 2 or 1. The button on the end of the handle is used to engage/disengage overdrive lockout, the same function as selecting L when not equipped with Autostick. When engaged the transmission will not enter 4th gear and downshifts to 3rd if it is in 4th gear. Specific gears are selected by an up/off/down 3 position momentary switch in the middle of the handle on the PRNDL lever, up to upshift and down to downshift. OD lockout and specific gear selection are mutually exclusive. While in OD lockout the transmission behaves as a 3-speed automatic transmission. Autostick gear selection holds a specific gear 1, 2, or 3 until another gear is selected by the up/down switch, the vehicle comes to a complete stop, and Autostick forces a shift to 1st gear, Autostick operation is canceled by selecting 4th gear, aka D, or Autostick is disengaged by moving the PRNDL.
The service manual explains that Autostick signaling is multiplexed on a single wire. The transmission control module outputs a 5v signal to the handle and monitors it for voltage drop The voltage ranges 0.3-1.6,1.6-2.8, 2.8-3.8, and 3.8-4.8 representing down, up, overdrive lockout, and all open respectively. The vehicle drops into 1st after stopping but can be launched in 1st, 2nd, or 3rd gear. The speed (or cruise) control operates only in 3rd and 4th gear while in Autostick mode and is deactivated if shifted to 2nd gear, just as it would if the driver had braked. Shifting into 4th (aka D) cancels Autostick single gear selection mode, and gears are automatically selected as usual until down or OD lockout is pressed.
System failsafes[edit]
In modern implementations, if the user does not shift while driving in the Autostick mode, the transmission will automatically up-shift at redline (the exception being the Plymouth/Chrysler Prowler which will not shift automatically at redline when in AutoStick mode) to prevent engine/transmission damage, and will not downshift into the redline.[8] When coming to a complete stop, the system will automatically return to the first gear.
References[edit]
- ^Erjavec, Jack (2010). Today's Technician: Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles. Cengage Learning. ISBN9781133007623. Retrieved 11 November 2020.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^ ab'How to Use Autostick'. Autoblog. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2020.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^R., Jordan. 'Is Manual Transmission Dead?'. www.nowcar.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^'How Does An Autostick Work?'. VW Automatic Register. 8 October 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2020.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^'Autostick'. Rob and Dave’s Aircooled Volkswagen Web Pages. Retrieved 11 November 2020.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/Discussion-c6916_ds457882#:~:text=Almost%20all%20of%20the%20original,gear%20stick%20to%20change%20gears.
- ^ ab'Automatic transmission with manual-shifting capability'. Automotive Engineering. Society of Automotive Engineers. 103: 36, 116. 1972. Retrieved 11 November 2020.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^ abcErjavec, Jack (2005). Automotive Technology: A Systems Approach. Cengage Learning. p. 1037. ISBN9781401848316. Retrieved 11 November 2020.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
Automatic Watch
Look up automatic, automagic, or automatically in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Automatic may refer to:
Music[edit]
Bands[edit]
- Automatic (band), Australian rock band
- The Automatic, a Welsh alternative rock band
Albums[edit]
- Automatic (Jack Bruce album), a 1983 electronic rock album
- Automatic (Sharpe & Numan album), a 1989 synthpop album
- Automatic (The Jesus and Mary Chain album), a 1989 alternative rock album
- Automatic, a 1997 electronic album by Le Car
- Automatic (Dweezil Zappa album), a 2000 hard rock album, or the title song
- Automatic, a 2003 punk rock album by The Turbo A.C.'s
- Automatic (Stitches album), a 2006 punk rock album, or the title song
- Automatic (Cognito album), a 2010 hip hop album
- Automatic (VNV Nation album), a 2011 futurepop album
- Automatic, a 2013 reggae-rock album by Iration
- Automatic (Don Broco album), a 2015 rock album
- Automatic (Kaskade album), 2015 album by Kaskade
Songs[edit]
- 'Automatic' (Danny Fernandes song), 2010
- 'Automatic' (The Get Up Kids song), 2011
- 'Automatic' (Miranda Lambert song), 2014
- 'Automatic' (Nicki Minaj song), by Nicki Minaj from the 2012 album Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded
- 'Automatic', by Prince on his 1982 album 1999
- 'Automatic' (Pointer Sisters song), 1984
- 'Automatic' (Red Velvet song), 2015 song by Red Velvet
- 'Automatic' (Sarah Whatmore song), 2003
- 'Automatic' (Teairra Mari song), 2009
- 'Automatic' (Tokio Hotel song), 2009
- 'Automatic' (Utada Hikaru song), 1998
- 'Automatic Pt. II', by Hikaru Utada, released under the stage name Utada, from the 2009 album This Is the One
- 'Automatik', a single by Livvi Franc from the 2010 album Livvi Franc
- 'Automatic', a song by 808 State from the 1988 album Prebuild
- 'Automatic', a song by The Dismemberment Plan on the 2001 album Change
- 'Automatic', a song by The Red Devils on the 1992 album King King (album)
- 'Automatic', a song by Less Than Jake on the 1996 album Losing Streak
- 'Automatic', a song by Weezer on the 2008 album Weezer
- 'Automatic', a song by Nicki Minaj on the 2012 album Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded
- 'Automatic', a song by Amaranthe on the 2011 album Amaranthe
- 'Automatic', a song by Red Velvet on the 2015 mini album Ice Cream Cake (EP)
- 'Automatic', a song by Chancellor, Babylon, twlv, Moon, Bibi, and Jiselle, 2020
Technology[edit]
- Automatic transmission, or a car with an automatic transmission
- Automatic (automobile company), a defunct American automobile company
Film[edit]
Automatic Pool Cleaners
- Automatic (1995 film), an action film starring Olivier Gruner
- Automatic (2001 film), starring Jazsmin Lewis
Other uses[edit]
- Bruce Vanderveer, American music producer professionally known as Automatic
See also[edit]
- Automattic, a web development corporation